Impulsivity in Adolescents: Cognitive, Neural, Hormonal and Social Factors

Age-related differences in temporal discounting (TD) and risk-taking, and their association, were examined in adolescents and young adults (n = 337) aged 12-27 years. Since monetary rewards are typically used in TD and risk-taking tasks, the association between monetary reward valuation and age and decision-making in these tasks was explored as well. TD declined linearly with age, with a particularly sharp decline from 15 to 16 years. In contrast, risk-taking was not correlated with age and TD. Reward valuation was not associated with TD and risk-taking, and age-related differences in TD remained significant after controlling for reward valuation. Together, these findings suggest that risk-taking and TD are two separate constructs with distinct age-related differences in adolescence and young adulthood.